Author: Zoltán Ujhelyi

I am an Eclipse Technology Expert at IncQuery Labs Ltd. and a regular contributor of open-source projects, most importantly the VIATRA project at eclipse.org. Furthermore, I am in the process of finishing my PhD in computer science at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics focusing on analysis techniques for model queries and transformations.

Java primitive type comparison – A wat look

Not long ago, we had a not too nice issue related to mismatch between int and long variables. As the concrete variables were coming from 1) a model created by others and 2) another model created by us, the solution did not appear to be simple.

We were thinking, if we could compare the variables by value consistently without the concrete type equality, we would not need to support both int and long numbers in our model, so we asked our collegue, Gábor Bergmann to experiment a bit with the comparison.

Sadly, the result is that there is no reasonable way to compare longs and integers by value. However, we found a truly nice wat moment, almost fitting to the issues presented by Gary Bernhardt in a talk called WAT at CodeMash 2012 (or instead of the video, you could have a look at http://www.shopify.com/technology/5370262-wat-a-funny-look-at-ruby-and-javascript-oddities).

Because of Java is statically typed, most inconsistencies of Javascript do not apply here. However, the implicit contracts of Java are sometimes broken, just as the following code snippet shows (it is Gábor’s work entirely, I only changed only the white spaces):

Basically, when comparing primitive types and their boxed values, if you have two different types, all hell’s might break loose. Sometimes two values are considered equal when using ‘==’ but not when using Object.equals. Even worse, transitivity can also be broken.

I cannot think about any possible reason for this behavior, but we could reproduce it issue consistently across different computers using Java 1.6, so this appears to be according to be designed that way.

If someone could provide some reasonable explanation, I would be glad for it. Then we could learn something nice instead of just laughing a bit. Otherwise, be careful with primitive comparison…

Multitouch gesture support for Zest graphs

When I read Jan Köhnlein’s post about multitouch gestures support in their graph viewer, I was thinking, these gestures would be a nice addition to the Zest visualization library. In addition to that, it could be my first new feature as a Zest committer, so I opened bug 371152.

So I looked into the multitouch API in SWT (btw. it is really to use, check snippet 353). Luckily, only a gesture listener had to be added, that is already supported by the Zest graph widget.

I thought about what gestures could be universally supported in the Zest graph, and found that scrolling is already supported, magnification is easy to implement, and for rotation I found a possible use.

Today, I finished the implementation, and created a short video presentation that shows the features in action. See the Youtube video: http://youtu.be/cVVxOIwHN7s

Additionally, it is possible to replace the built-in gestures by creating the graph with a specific style bit, and adding other gesture listeners manually as below:

//Disabling default gestures
Graph graph = new Graph(parent, ZestStyles.GESTURES_DISABLED);
//Adding own gesture listener
graph.addGestureListener(new GestureListener() {

  public void gesture(GestureEvent e) {
    switch (e.detail) {
      // Do nothing
    }
  }
});

I believe the base implementation of the gesture support is useful, but I am open to change it if someone has a better idea.

Reflective tree editor for Xtext-based languages

Xtext is a great technology. I really mean it. After 15-30 minutes (depending on your previous domain knowledge) you can get a really fancy textual editor, that parses your text into an EMF model. Xbase is even better: you can simply include Java-like expressions into your language, that can be easily translated into pure Java code.

However, while using Xtext I found some minor “paper-cuts”. One of the most problematic of them was the fact that I cannot open my textual models using the Sample Reflective Ecore  Model editor, as I get an exception: java.net.MalformedURLException: unknown protocol: java.

A similar exception occurred if I tried to open the files programatically (but without the help of the generated Xtext editor). When I asked in the Eclipse forums how to open Xtext model files programatically, I was answered (btw. very quickly – kudos for that 🙂 ) that a specific ResourceSet implementation is needed that refers to model files and classes available in a Java project.

This gave me the idea to create an Xtext extension that allows opening an EMF tree editor, the Xtext Reflective Tree Editor. The plug-in consists of two parts:

  1. An extended version of the org.eclipse.emf.ecore.presentation.EcoreEditor class, that opens its ResourceSet using the Xtext API (more specifically, uses an injected ResourceSet);
  2. And an Xtext generator fragment, that can be used to generate a new editor extension to the ui project (with the corresponding dependency added to the reflective editor plug-in).

Usage

To use the plug-in, just follow the following simple steps:

  1. Add hu.cubussapiens.xtext.reflectiveeditor as a dependency to your language project.
  2. Extend your editor generation workflow:
    1. Import the generator package: import hu.cubussapiens.xtext.reflectiveeditor.generator.*
    2. Add the new generator fragment at the end of the generator (file.extensions is the list of file extensions defined in the default workflow):
      fragment = ReflectiveXtextEditorFragment {
      fileExtensions = file.extensions
      }
    3. Regenerate your language.
  3. Unless the plugin.xml files are updated automatically, you have to copy the newly generated editor extension from the end of the plugin.xml_gen file of the ui plug-in to the plugin.xml file. The simplest way to do this is to select both files, and open the compare editor from the popup menu (Compare with/Each other…), the copy the changes manually.
  4. Finally, open the runtime workbench, and open your textual model files from the popup menu using Open with/«LanguageName» Reflective Editor. The result should be similar to the screenshot below.
The Xtext Reflective Editor

In my case, the editor shows both the domain model generated from the file directly (the Pattern Model element), the inferred JVM model classes (the various JVM Generic Type instances), and also the referred Java classes as external resources (the resources beginning with the java:/ URIs).

Download

If you are interested in the plug-in in action, download it from our update site: http://eclipse.cubussapiens.hu, or take a look at the repository on Github: https://github.com/ujhelyiz/xtext-reflective

Version 0.5.3 is already available, and hopefully works well for all languages.

Applications of high-performance model queries @ OMG/Eclipse workshop

At the last EclipseCon Europe, my collegue, István Ráth presented our incremental model query approach in the Modeling Symposium. Since then, we are working hard to evaluate further uses of the technology while creating a better tooling support for the specification of those queries.

This year, during the OMG/Eclipse workshop a day before EclipseCon 2012 István will present our approach together with our new results:

14:35 – 15:00

High performance queries and their novel applications

István Ráth- Research Associate, BME

High-performance model queries are still a major challenge for the industry standard Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF), they are intensively used in various model validation, model transformation or code generation scenarios. Existing EMF-based query technologies (like Eclipse OCL, EMF Model Query 1-2, or native Java programs) can have significant scalability issues for complex queries of models over 50-100000 model elements. Moreover, it is often tedious and time consuming to efficiently implement EMF-based queries manually on a case-by-case basis.

Recent initiatives, such as the EMF-IncQuery framework (http://viatra.inf.mit.bme.hu/incquery) have proposed innovative algorithms to mitigate this issue. EMF-IncQuery uses a graph query language, and provides incremental query evaluation by caching the results of the model queries and incrementally maintaining the cache when the underlying EMF model changes. Furthermore, the EMF-IncQuery framework can be easily integrated into existing EMF-based applications in a non-intrusive way.

In the first part of the talk, we overview the results of a thorough benchmark comparison
intended to aid software engineers in picking the best tool for a given purpose. The measurements involve several versions of Eclipse OCL, manually optimized Java code, dedicated academic query and well-formedness checking tools and EMF-IncQuery and highlight the most important practical considerations of queries in model-driven tool design.

In the second part of the talk, we briefly overview novel and innovative uses of high performance queries such design-space exploration, whereby traditional modeling is augmented with AI techniques to aid the (semi-automatic) optimization of model-based software designs.

If you are interested in modeling techniques, I recommend attending to the talk. As a teaser, I show now an existing application of such AI-based techniques: an automated quick fix generation for domain-specific modeling languages. We already presented this technique, albeit based on the VIATRA2 transformation framework in VL/HCC 2011. The article, together with a video demonstration is available from http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/VLHCC.2011.6070373

For interest, the video demonstration is also uploaded to Youtube for easier watching. (UPDATE: For feed readers the video url is the following: http://youtu.be/kPc4x01K7-s).

EMF-IncQuery @ EclipseCon Europe ’11

The research of my group often build on various Eclipse technologies. We are developers of the VIATRA2 model transformation framework. Recently we also created EMF-IncQuery, an incremental query technology over EMF models, that we believe really useful in various areas, such as model validation during editing or model synchronization scenarios.

This year, a collegue of mine, István Ráth will attend at EclipseCon Europe, and during the Modeling Symposium present the basic use cases of the tool. In the following I attach a short abstract of the talk to give a basic idea:

EMF-IncQuery: Incremental evaluation of model queries over large EMF model

A Talk at the EclipseCon Europe 2011 Modeling Symposium
Presenter: István Ráth

High-performance model queries are still a major challenge for the industry standard Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF), as they are intensively used in various model validation, model transformation or code generation scenarios.

Existing EMF-based query technologies (like OCL, EMF Query or native Java programs) have significant scalability issues for models over 50000 model elements. Moreover, it is often tedious and time consuming to efficiently implement EMF-based queries manually on a case-by-case basis.

This talk introduces EMF-IncQuery, a declarative and scalable EMF model query framework. EMF-IncQuery uses a graph query language, and provides incremental query evaluation by caching the results of the model queries and incrementally maintaining the cache when the underlying EMF model changes. Furthermore, the EMF-IncQuery framework can be easily integrated into existing EMF-based applications in a non-intrusive way.

During the talk, we quickly overview how easy it is to define and integrate highly scalable model queries into existing EMF-based applications, in the form of a very short live demonstration using the MDT Papyrus modeling tool. The scalability of the engine will also be demonstrated, with on-the-fly constraint revalidation that takes less than 100 milliseconds over large AUTOSAR models with over 1 million elements.

 

More info: http://viatra.inf.mit.bme.hu/incquery

Unfortunately, I cannot go to the conference, but I hope, the 10th birthday of Eclipse will be celebrated well. Have fun, and if you are interested, listen at our talk.