Category: Hardware Hacks

DIY musical doorbell

A doorbell is not the most important equipment of a home, however it is necessary and it still matters in a way. It is the thing that makes the first impression of your home to any visitor. The standard school-bell type doorbells hurts the ears and freaks out everyone who dares to touch the button and anyone who is unfortunate to be home at the time. A musical doorbell can be really expensive and the sound of the cheaper ones are simply annoying. Why not try to build one at home?

Hardware

It can be easier than it seems at first glance. Almost every part of it can be found in the drawer of an average hardware hacker:

  • Any speaker scooped from an old PC
  • A cheap MCU
  • An NPN transistor
  • An 1K resistor
  • Optionally a potmeter for volume control
  • 4 diodes
  • 2 capacitors
  • An 5V linear regulator (L7805)

The theory of operation is really simple: the MCU drives the speaker with a square wave on an arbitrary frequency to make a sound. Because the MCU usually cannot bear high current enough to make it loud, a transistor is used to drive the speaker.

The power source may be a standard bell transformer, which makes 12V AC from the 230V AC. In my case it was given as in our apartment building there is one generator for more apartments. To provide a stable 5V for the MCU, a simple Graetz-bridge can be used along with a linear regulator.

Doorbell schematic (https://www.circuitlab.com/circuit/3x9m3u/doorbell/)
Doorbell schematic (https://www.circuitlab.com/circuit/3x9m3u/doorbell/)

Software

The software part is just as simple. The first problem is to make the proper frequency for the square wave output. The simplest approach for this is to use a timer integrated into the MCU, and toggle the output on the timer interrupt. Now the frequency can be set by the timer options.

The other task of the MCU to switch the settings of the mentioned timer after a time to make a series of sounds. I’ve used another timer to interrupt in every ~0.2sec, which decrements a counter to determine the delay for the sound. If the counter reaches zero, the new timer settings and delay counter are loaded from the program memory tables.

Calculation of timer settings

The music you want the bell to play, is a series of sounds with determined frequency. This must be converted to a series of timer settings. For the PIC16F1824 I’ve used, this settings includes the compare register value along with the pre- and postscaler settings. To determine the best settings for each sound frequency (best = real frequency closest to nominal within the available set of register values) is a straightforward task, but requires a lot of calculations. It is much easier to write a script that makes all the calculations and generates the proper code tables for the program. This way it is easy to change the music to whatever you want.

Finish the bell

All is left is a bit of soldering and putting it in a suitable box:

https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-bCo7Z1mv3Jo/UBps6axVuLI/AAAAAAAAL00/Du4SNKyLdjg/s640/IMG_1373_cut.JPG
The finished doorbell

References

How to turn a printer power unit to a fancy lab power supply

A dead printer is a great possibility to gain useful components. You can scoop many kind of parts, like DC motors (stepper motors if you’re lucky), wires, gears, etc.. And of course a power supply unit. The power supply can be useful in many ways, for example as a lab power supply. But without a case it is a bit dangerous, as you can accidentally touch something, which would be painful. Warning! Don’t try this at home, unless you’re perfectly know what are you doing, and have practice handling with 220 Volts.

Now, if you dare, run up to attic, and bring down the dead printer, clean the dust and grab a screwdriver. After tearing down the device to the smallest parts possible without breaking anything, you should see a component like this:

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It’s rather simple: it has an input, AC 220 Volts in Europe usually connected with thick wires. The output varies by brand and type but it’s surely DC, low voltage connected with thin wires. Look for the numbers printed on the board, they usually tell the output voltage and maximum power. In this case, it’s 18 Volts and 25 Watts. This is more than enough for experimental purposes.

Before you continue, check it out carefully. The printer is not working because of a cause, and maybe that cause is the power supply itself. The easiest way to check is to connect a multimeter to the output and plug it in. Be very careful with this step, try to not touch the device while it is under power.

If the power supply is not working, try to check out the fuse. If it’s burnt, you should replace it and try again. If it solves the problem, then maybe it was the cause that rendered the printer dead. At this point you can just put the printer together, and live on. And of course make merit of fixing a dead printer. Both cases, continue reading, the lab supply is far from finished yet.

To make it safe and easy to use, it should be inserted in a case. You can buy one in any electronics shop. I’ve used a plastic one as it’s easier to use, but many thinks that a metal box looks better. If you use a metal box, more work is needed as you should take care of grounding the box itself, and insulation of the power supply board. A printer is usually not grounded, so the power cable of the printer won’t be adequate. I’ve reused the AC connector of the printer, it can be clipped easily into a matching hole, which was easy to cut into the back board of the box using a drill and a rasper:

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I’ve used similar method on the front board, which contains two banana connectors for the output, and a switch which enables to turn off the device without unplugging it:

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Soldering is hard in small places, and the hot iron can damage the plastic box badly. So instead of soldering the wires together in the box, I recommend using a terminal block as I did. The block can be fixed to the box using a glue gun. I’ve also used glue gun to mount a screw and two copper wires into the hold the power supply board in place:

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The hard work is done, all is left is to put the whole thing together. Doing some wiring work:

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And then voilá, it’s finished:

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Have fun doing your own lab power supply! More pictures here:http://www.flickr.com/photos/gbalage/sets/72157624262231051/